Publications

Liu, Y., Hampton Wray, A., Hall, M., Lescht, E. R., Gehring, W. J., Fitzgerald, K. D., Chang, S-E. Brain response to errors in children who stutter. (2024). Journal of Fluency Disorders, 79, 106035. [doi]

Morrison, F. J., Grammer, J., Gehring, W. J., Weixler, L. B., Kim, M. H. (2024). Role of Self-Regulation in the Transition to School. In L. Verhoeven, S. Nag, C. Perfetti, & Pugh K. (eds.), Global Variation in Literacy Development (pp. 316-332). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Suzuki, T., Gu, P., Grove, T. B., Hammond, T., Collins, K. M., Pamidighantam, P., Arnold, P. D., Taylor, S. F., Liu, Y., Gehring, W. J., Hanna, G. L., & Tso, I. F. (2023). Abnormally enhanced midfrontal theta-band activity during response monitoring in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry (93) 11, 1031-1040. [doi]

Rapp, A. M., Tan, P. Z., Grammer, J. K., Gehring, W. J., Miller, G. A., & Chavira, D. A. (2021). Cultural values influence relations between parent emotion socialization and adolescents’ neural responses to peer rejection. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50, 255—267. [doi] [PDF]

Rapp, A. M., Tan, P. Z., Grammer, J. K., Gehring, W. J., Miller, G. A., & Chavira, D. A. (2021). Cultural group differences in the association of neural sensitivity to social feedback and social anxiety among diverse adolescents. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 400-408. [doi] [PDF]

Ellis, A., Ahmed, S. F., Zeytinoglu, S., Isbell, E., Calkins, S. D., Leerkes, E. M., Grammer, J. K., Gehring, W. J., Morrison, F. J., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2021). Reciprocal associations between executive function and academic achievement: A conceptual replication of Schmitt et al. (2017). Journal of Numerical Cognition, 7(3), 453-472. [doi] [PDF]

Clayson, P. E., Kappenman, E. S., Gehring, W. J., Miller, G. A., & Larson, M. J. (2021). A commentary on establishing norms for error-related brain activity during the arrow flanker task among young adults. NeuroImage, 234, 117932. [doi] [PDF]

Rapp, A. M., Grammer, J. K., Tan, P. Z., Gehring, W. J., Chavira, D. A., & Miller, G. A. (2021). Collectivism is associated with enhanced neural response to socially salient errors among adolescents. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 16(11), 1150-1159. [doi] [PDF]

Hanna, G. L., Liu, Y., Rough, H. E., Suprapeneni, B. B. A., Hanna, B. S., Arnold, P. D., Gehring, W. J. (2020). A diagnostic biomarker for pediatric Generalized Anxiety Disorder using the Error-Related Negativity. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(5), 827-838. [doi] [PDF]

Rough, H. E., Hanna, B. S., Gillett, C. B., Rosenberg, D. R., Gehring, W. J., & Arnold, P. D., & Hanna, G. L. (2020). Screening for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Child Version. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 51, 888-899. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, Y., Hanna, G. L., Rough, H. E., Arnold, P. D., & Gehring, William J. (2020). Behavioral and electrophysiological correlates of performance monitoring and development in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Brain Sciences, 10, 79. [doi] [PDF]

Mathias, B., Gehring, W. J., & Palmer, C. (2019). Electrical Brain Responses Reveal Sequential Constraints on Planning during Music Performance. Brain Sciences, 9(2), 25. [doi] [PDF]

Hanna, G. L., Liu, Y., Isaacs, Y. E., Ayoub, A. M., Brosius, A., Salander, Z., Arnold, P.D., & Gehring, W. J. (2018). Error-related brain activity in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 35, 752-760*.* [doi] [PDF]

Grammer, J. K., Gehring, W. J., & Morrison, F. J. (2018). Associations between developmental changes in error-related brain activity and executive functions in early childhood. Psychophysiology, 55(3), e13040. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (2018). The error-related negativity. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 200-204. [doi] [PDF]

Kim, M. H., Marulis, L. M., Grammer, J. K., Morrison, F. J., & Gehring, W. J. (2017). Motivational processes from expectancy—value theory are associated with variability in the error positivity in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 155, 32—47. [doi] [PDF]

Grabell, A. S., Olson, S. L., Tardif, T., Thompson, M. C., & Gehring, W. J. (2017). Comparing self-regulation-associated event related potentials in preschool children with and without high levels of disruptive behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45(6), 1119-1132. [doi] [PDF]

Mathias, B., Gehring, W. J., & Palmer, C. (2017). Auditory N1 reveals planning and monitoring processes during music performance. Psychophysiology, 54(2), 235-247. [doi] [PDF]

Kim, M. H., Grammer, J. K., Marulis, L. M., Carrasco, M., Morrison, F. J., & Gehring, W. J. (2016). Early math and reading achievement are associated with the error positivity. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 18—26. [doi] [PDF]

Hanna, G. L., Liu, Y., Isaacs, Y. E., Ayoub, A. M., Torres, J. J., O’Hara, N. B., & Gehring, W. J. (2016). Withdrawn/depressed behaviors and error-related brain activity in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(10), 906—913.e2. [doi] [PDF]

Hanna, G. L., & Gehring, W. J. (2016). The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative and error-related brain activity [commentary]. Psychophysiology, 53(3), 386-388. [doi] [PDF]

Ferdinand, N.K., Becker, A.M.W., Kray, J., & Gehring, W.J. (2016). Feedback processing in children and adolescents: Is there a sensitivity for processing rewarding feedback? Neuropsychologia, 82, 31-38. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, Y., Nelson, L. D., Bernat, E. M., & Gehring, W. J. (2014). Perceptual properties of feedback stimuli influence the feedback-related negativity in the flanker gambling task. Psychophysiology, 51(8), 7828-788. [doi] [PDF]

Grammer, J. K., Carrasco, M., Gehring, W. J., & Morrison, F. J. (2014). Age-related changes in error processing in young children: A school-based investigation. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 93-105. [doi] [PDF]

Hochman, E. Y., Orr, J. M., & Gehring, W. J. (2014). Toward a more sophisticated response representation in theories of medial frontal performance monitoring: The effects of motor similarity and motor asymmetries. Cerebral Cortex, 24(2), 414-425. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, Y., Hanna, G. L., Carrasco, M., Gehring, W. J., & Fitzgerald, K. D. (2013). Altered relationship between electrophysiological response to errors and gray matter volumes in an extended network for error-processing in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Human Brain Mapping. [doi] [PDF]

Carrasco, M., Hong C., C., Nienhuis, J. K., Harbin, S. M., Fitzgerald, K. D., Gehring, W. J., & Hanna, G. L. (2013). Increased error-related brain activity in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders. Neuroscience Letters, 541, 214-218. [doi] [PDF]

Carrasco, M., Harbin, S. M., Nienhuis, J. K., Fitzgerald, K. D., Gehring, W. J., & Hanna, G. L. (2013). Increased error-related brain activity in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and unaffected siblings. Depression and Anxiety, 30(1), 39-46. [doi] [PDF]

Ferdinand, N. K., Mecklinger, A., Kray, J., & Gehring, W. J. (2012). The processing of unexpected positive response outcomes in the mediofrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 32(35), 12087-12092. [doi] [PDF]

Hanna, G. L., Carrasco, M., Harbin, S. M., Nienhuis, J. K., LaRosa, C. E., Chen, P., Fitzgerald, K. D., & Gehring, W. J. (2012). Error-related negativity and tic history in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(9), 902-910. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, Y., Gehring ,W. J., Weissman, D. H., Taylor, S. F., Fitzgerald, K. D. (2012). Trial-by-trial adjustments of cognitive control following errors and response conflict are altered in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3(41), 1-8. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Liu, Y., Orr, J. M., & Carp, J. (2012). The error-related negativity (ERN/Ne). In S. J. Luck, & E. Kappenman (eds.), Oxford handbook of event-related potential components (pp. 231-291). New York: Oxford University Press. [PDF]

Bernat, E.M., Nelson, L.D., Steele, V.R., Gehring, W.J., & Patrick, C. J. (2011). Externalizing psychopathology and gain/loss feedback in a simulated gambling task: Dissociable components of brain response revealed by time-frequency analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(2), 352-364. [doi] [PDF]

Mai, X., Tardif, T., Doan, S. N., Liu, C., Gehring, W. J., Luo, Y-J. (2011). Brain activity elicited by positive and negative feedback in preschool-aged children. PLoS One, 6(4), e18774. [doi] [PDF]

Stern, E. R., Welsh, R. C., Fitzgerald, K. D., Gehring, W. J., Lister, J. J., Himle, J. A., Abelson, J. L, Taylor, S. F. (2011). Hyperactive error responses and altered connectivity in ventromedial and frontoinsular cortices in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 583-591. [doi] [PDF]

Stern, E.R., Liu Y., Gehring, W.J, Lister, J.J., Yin, G., Zhang, J, Fitzgerald, K.D., Himle, J.A,. Abelson, J.L., & Taylor, S.F. (2010). Chronic medication does not affect hyperactive error responses in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychophysiology, 47(5), 913-20. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, C., Tardif, T., Mai, X., Simms, N., Gehring, W. J., & Luo, Y. (2010). What’s in a name? Brain activities reveal categorization processes differ across languages. Human Brain Mapping, 31(11), 1786-1801. [doi] [PDF]

Anguera, J. A., Seidler, R. D., & Gehring, W. J. (2009). Changes in performance monitoring during sensorimotor adaptation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 102, 1868-1879. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, Y., & Gehring, W. J. (2009). Loss feedback negativity elicited by single- vs. conjoined-feature stimuli. Neuroreport, 20(6), 632-636. [doi] [PDF]

Liu, D., Sabbagh, M. A., Gehring, W. J., & Wellman, H. (2009). Neural correlates of children’s theory of mind development. Child Development, 80(2), 318-326. [doi] [PDF]

Bernat, E. M., Nelson, L. D., Holroyd, C. B., Gehring, W. J., & Patrick, C. J. (2008). Separating cognitive processes with principal components analysis of EEG time-frequency distributions. Proceedings of SPIE, 7074, 7074S 1-10. [doi] [PDF]

Taylor, S. F., Stern, E. R., & Gehring, W. J. (2007). Neural systems for error monitoring: Recent findings and theoretical perspectives. The Neuroscientist, 13, 160-172. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J. (2006). Ordinary minds, extraordinary violence. Science and Theology News, 6 (11/12), 36. [PDF]

Masaki, H., Takeuchi, S., Gehring, W. J., Takasawa, N., & Yamazaki, K. (2006). Affective-motivational influences on feedback-related ERPs in a gambling task. Brain Research, 1105, 110-121. [doi] [PDF]

Sarter, M., Gehring, W. J., & Kozak, R. (2006). More attention must be paid: The neurobiology of attentional effort. Brain Research Reviews, 51, 145-160. [doi] [PDF]

Taylor, S. F., Martis, B., Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Abelson, J. L., Liberzon, I., Himle, J. A., & Gehring, W. J. (2006). Medial frontal cortex activity and loss-related responses to errors. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26(15), 4063-4070. [doi] [PDF]

Bernat, E., Williams, W. J., & Gehring, W. J. (2005). Decomposing ERP time-frequency energy using PCA. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 1314-1334*.* [doi] [PDF]

Fitzgerald, K. D., Welsh, R. C., Gehring, W. J., Abelson, J.L, Himle, J.A., Liberzon, I., & Taylor, S. F. (2005). Error-related hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 287-294. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Taylor, S. F. (2004). When the going gets tough, the cingulate gets going. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 1285 — 1287. [doi] [PDF]

Masaki, H., Gehring, W. J., Takasawa, N., Yamazaki, K. (2004). The functional significance of the error-related negativity in action monitoring. Japanese Journal of Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology, 22(1), 3-18. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J. & Willoughby, A. R. (2004). Are all medial frontal negativities created equal? Toward a richer empirical basis for theories of action monitoring. In M. Ullsperger & M. Falkenstein (eds.), Errors, Conflicts, and the Brain. Current Opinions on Performance Monitoring (pp. 14-20). Leipzig: Max Planck Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience. [PDF]

Liu, D., Sabbagh, M. A., Gehring, W. J., & Wellman, H. M. (2004). Decoupling beliefs from reality in the brain: An ERP study of theory of mind. Neuroreport, 15, 991-995. [doi] [PDF]

Taylor, S. F., Welsh, R. C., Wager, T. D., Luan Phan, K. L., Fitzgerald, K. D., & Gehring, W. J. (2004). A functional neuroimaging study of motivation and executive function. Neuroimage, 21, 1045-1054. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Karpinski, A., & Hilton, J. L. (2003). Thinking about interracial interactions. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 1241-1243. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Bryck, R., Jonides, J., Albin, R., & Badre, D. (2003). The mind’s eye, looking inward? In search of executive control in internal attention switching. Psychophysiology, 40, 572-585*.* [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Willoughby, A. R. (2002). The medial frontal cortex and error potentials [letter]. Science, 296, 1610-1611. [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Willoughby, A. R. (2002). The medial frontal cortex and the rapid processing of monetary gains and losses. Science, 295, 2279-2282. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Knight, R. T. (2002). Lateral prefrontal damage affects processing selection but not attention switching. Cognitive Brain Research, 13, 262-279. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Fencsik, D. E. (2001). Functions of the medial frontal cortex in the processing of conflict and errors. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21(23), 9430-9437. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Knight, R. T. (2000). Prefrontal - cingulate interactions in action monitoring. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 516-520. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Himle, J., & Nisenson, L. G. (2000). Action monitoring dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychological Science, 11, 1-6. [doi] [PDF]

Awh, E., & Gehring, W. J. (1999). The anterior cingulate cortex lends a hand in response selection. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 853-854. [doi] [PDF]

Scheffers, M. K., Coles, M. G. H., Bernstein, P., Gehring, W. J., & Donchin, E. (1996). Event-related brain potentials and error-related processing: An analysis of incorrect responses to go and no-go stimuli. Psychophysiology, 33, 42-53. [doi] [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1995). A brain potential manifestation of error-related processing. In G. Karmos, M. Molnar, V. Csepe, I. Czigler and J. E. Desmedt (Eds.) Perspectives of Event-Related Potentials Research, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Supplement 44 (pp. 287-296). [PDF]

Gehring, W. J., & Coles, M. G. H. (1994). Expectancy and response strategy to sensory stimuli [Comment]. Neurology, 44, 2212-2213.

Gehring, W. J., Goss, B., Coles, M. G. H., Meyer, D. E., & Donchin, E. (1993). A neural system for error detection and compensation. Psychological Science, 4, 385‑390*.* [doi] [PDF]

Coles, M. G. H., Gehring, W., Gratton, G., & Donchin, E. (1992). Response activation and verification: A psychophysiological analysis. In G. E. Stelmach & J. Requin (Eds.), Tutorials in motor behavior II (pp. 779‑792). Amsterdam: North Holland.

Gehring, W. J., Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1992). Probability effects on stimulus evaluation and response processes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 198‑216. [doi] [PDF]

Coles, M. G. H., de Jong, R., Gehring, W. J., & Gratton, G. (1991). Continuous versus discrete information processing: Evidence from movement‑related potentials. In C. H. M. Brunia (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Event‑Related Potentials of the Brain (EEG Supplement 42) (pp. 260‑269). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Coles, M. G. H., Gratton, G., & Gehring, W. J. (1987). Theory in cognitive psychophysiology. Journal of Psychophysiology, 1, 13-16.

Lorig, T. S., Gehring, W. J., & Hyrn, D. L. (1986). Period analysis of the EEG during performance of the Trail Making Test. The International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 97‑99.

Lorig, T. S., Brown, D., & Gehring, W. J. (1986). Period analysis of the EEG during timing. The International Journal of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8, 9‑11.